CHECKLISTCommon 5-axis mistakes
A 5-axis machine can move in ways a 3-axis machine cannot. Check the points listed here before running a program for the first time. Checking only marks items; nothing is saved anywhere.
- Near a singularityWhen the tool passes near a singularity, the rotary axes can become unstable and swing widely. Avoid passing near a singularity, and avoid unstable motion by, for example, reversing the sign of a rotary axis. Check the travel and orientation of the whole block, and correct the command if the block passes through a singularity.One source / reference[12]
- Picking the wrong rotary axis solutionThere are normally two sets of rotary axis angles for the same orientation. If the NC chooses the nearer one automatically, the axis can swing widely to the opposite side from what you expected. Specify how to choose, as with SEQ+/− (Heidenhain), or check the range limits.One source / reference[15]
- Direction of rotary axis motionOn a rotary axis that counts beyond 360°, 350° → 10° may turn −340° (the long way around). To turn the near way (+20°) you need a function such as M126 (Heidenhain). If you command 180° while the displayed value is 538°, it turns −358° (use M94 to reduce the display to under 360° before moving).One source / reference[15]
- Feed rate unitsIf you move a rotary axis in G94, different NCs interpret the feed differently: it may become deg/min (the farther from the center of rotation, the higher the actual speed), or a speed for the XYZ path only. CAM 4- and 5-axis programs often use G93 (inverse time feed), in which case every cutting block needs an F.[15][23][24]
- With TRAORI (Siemens), the work offset is reset depending on the configuration. Command the work offset again after TRAORI.One source / reference[2]
- Rapid-traversing a rotary axis during tool center point controlWith Haas TCPC, the tool tip position is not maintained during rotary moves in rapid traverse.One source / reference[25]
- Changing the angle of a tilt axis indexed by a Hirth coupling while the tool is still in contact (the form is damaged when the coupling disengages). Retract the tool before turning.One source / reference[15]
Printed from Kezuriba (kezuriba.net/en/5axis/mistakes/)
→Details
- Tool center point control, tilted-plane machining, G93:5-axis NC functions
- Measuring and correcting the center of rotation:Kinematics calibration
- Rotation of a rotary axis in the shortest direction, reducing the displayed value:5-axis calculations
Other 5-axis machining pages
◇
5-axis machining basics
The difference between 3+2 and simultaneous 5-axis machining, the advantages of 5 axes, and terminology.
⟲5-axis machine configurations
The three types (head-head, table-table, head-table) with their advantages and drawbacks, the names and directions of rotary axes A, B, C, vertical vs. horizontal machines, and multitasking machines.
G5-axis NC functions
Tool center point control, tilted working plane commands, and 3D tool radius compensation. A comparison of commands by NC maker, G93 inverse time feed, tool length and the center of rotation.
◎Calibration, collision, workholding and tools
Kinematics calibration with a reference sphere, accuracy test standards, collision checking and simulation, 5-axis vises, tool stick-out and how to tilt a ball end mill.
÷5-axis calculations
F value for G93 inverse time feed, ball end mill tilt angle, angles from a direction vector, and the shortest way for a rotary axis to turn.
⌗CAD/CAM
CAM workflow, toolpaths, a list of software, and data formats.
📚Sources
- DR. JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GmbH, “TNC 640 User's Manual Programming of Measuring Cycles for Workpieces and Tools, NC Software 34059x-18, 10/2023 (1303409-23)”
- Siemens AG, “Milling with SINUMERIK — 5-axis machining Manual, Edition 05/2009 (DocOrderNo. 6FC5095-0AB10-0BP1)”
- Okuma America Corporation (Okuma), “MU-V Series 5-Axis Vertical Machining Centers catalog”
- FANUC Corporation, “FANUC Series 30i/31i/32i-MODEL B Plus catalog (English edition FS30i-BPlus(E)-01)”
- Yamazaki Mazak Corporation, “5-axis machine VORTEX i-V product information”
- Renishaw plc「Brochure: AxiSet Check-Up — Fully automated tests for accurate and consistent results」
- DMG MORI (US site), “DMU 65 (FD) monoBLOCK 2nd Generation product page (description of 3D quickSET)”
- Japanese Standards Association (JSA), “JIS B 6336-6:2018 Test conditions for machining centres — Part 6: Accuracy of feeds, speeds and interpolations (ISO 10791-6:2014), preview”
- Renishaw plc「Application note: ISO 10791-6 using QC20 ballbar」
- Japanese Standards Association (JSA), “JIS B 6336-7:2018 Test conditions for machining centres — Part 7: Accuracy of a finished test piece (ISO 10791-7:2014), preview”
- Osaka Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Precision Engineering Laboratory (Yukitoshi Ihara Laboratory), “A Study of Machining Accuracy Test Methods for 5-Axis Machining Centers (research introduction poster)”
- Fuji Technology Press (author: Masako Sudo, FANUC Corporation), “Development Report: Advanced Control Technologies for 5-Axis Machining, Int. J. of Automation Technology Vol.1 No.2, pp.108-112, 2007 (DOI 10.20965/ijat.2007.p0108, CC BY-ND 4.0)”
- FANUC America Corporation, “5-Axis Machining — CNC systems for high-performance machine tools (MBA-025-EN_03_1308, 2013)”
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Naoki Nakamura, “Improved usability of indexed machining on the ‘MITSUBISHI CNC M700V Series’,” Mitsubishi Denki Giho Vol.85 No.4 (2011)
- DR. JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GmbH, “TNC 640 User's Manual Conversational Programming, NC Software 340590-01 / 340591-01 / 340594-01, 4/2012 (892903-20)”
- Haas Automation, Inc., “G254 Dynamic Work Offset (DWO) (G-code reference page)”
- Kitagawa, “V75V 5-axis centering vise (product list page)”
- LANG Technik GmbH, “41111: Makro•Grip Stamping Jaws (product page)”
- Yamazaki Mazak Corporation, “5-axis machine VARIAXIS C product information”
- Hokkaido University, Makoto Yamada, “A Study on Spindle-Tilting Machining with a 5-Axis NC Machine Tool,” abstract of doctoral dissertation (Engineering) (2006)
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Tomohiro Yokota, “A Study of Machined Surface Quality in Ball End Milling,” KISTEC Research Report 2020
- Union Tool Co., “UT End Mill Newsletter, April 2022 vol.12 ‘My Focus: Barrel Tools (1)’”
- Haas Automation, Inc., “G93 Inverse Time Feed Mode (G-code reference page)”
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “The NIST RS274NGC Interpreter – Version 3 (NISTIR 6556, 2000)”
- Haas Automation, Inc., “G234 Tool Center Point Control (TCPC) (G-code reference page)”
- Haas Automation, Inc., “G268 / G269 Feature Coordinate System (G-code reference page)”