Printed from Kezuriba (kezuriba.net/en/materials/ti-3al-2.5v/)
Ti-3Al-2.5V
ISO S (heat-resistant alloys & titanium)Alpha-beta titanium alloy (medium-strength alloy that can be cold worked). Number: Grade 9 / UNS R56320. Standard: ASTM B348/B348M (bars), B265 (sheet and plate), B338 (tubes for heat exchangers), B381 (forgings, Grade F-9); for aircraft seamless hydraulic tubing, AMS 4943 (annealed), AMS 4944 (cold worked and stress relieved) and AMS 4945 (texture controlled).
🌐JIS and international equivalents
“Close” means composition or properties are not exactly the same. Before substituting, check the values in each standard.
| System | Designation | Number | Relation | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM/UNS | Ti-3Al-2.5V | Grade 9 / UNS R56320 | — | |
| JIS | Class 61designation not confirmed | JIS H 4600 and others (Class 61 is covered by H 4600 in Kobe Steel's sheet production range table) | equivalent | Agrees in 2+ sources[8][6][7][10] |
| EN/DIN | — | — | Not confirmed | |
| GB | — | — | Not confirmed |
Differences between the equivalents (from the sources)
- JIS Class 61: Listed as the corresponding grade of ASTM Gr.9 by the Japan Titanium Society, Nippon Steel and Kobe Steel. Yield strength is 485 for JIS and 483 for ASTM. Designations such as TAP3250 and TAB3250 appear only in TotalMateria and are not adopted
- EN/DIN : Some sources give 3.7195 (makeitfrom, distributors), but it could not be confirmed in primary sources from manufacturers or standards bodies. TIMET's alloy list also does not list a German standard in the 3-2.5 row
- GB : Some sources give TA18, but no primary source from a Chinese manufacturer or standards body could be reached
📄Related specifications (AMS, ASTM etc.)
Specifications called up on purchase orders and drawings. AMS are SAE aerospace material specifications, split by product form (bar, plate, forging), melting practice and heat treatment. Standard texts are paid, so only titles and scopes checked on the publishers’ public pages are shown.
| Spec | Scope | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| B348/B348M-25 | Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and BilletsBars and billets (annealed). Includes Grade 9 = UNS R56320 | Agrees in 2+ sources[1] |
| B265-25 | Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and PlateStrip and sheet (annealed). Includes Grade 9 | Agrees in 2+ sources[12] |
| B338-17(2026) | Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat ExchangersSeamless and welded tubes for condensers and heat exchangers. Includes Grade 9 | Agrees in 2+ sources[13] |
| B381-26 | Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy ForgingsForgings (annealed). Includes Grade F-9 = UNS R56320 | Agrees in 2+ sources[14] |
| AMS 4943M | Titanium Alloy, Hydraulic, Seamless Tubing 3.0Al - 2.5V AnnealedSeamless tubing for hydraulic use, annealed | Agrees in 2+ sources[15] |
| AMS 4944N | Titanium Alloy Tubing, Seamless, Hydraulic, 3.0Al - 2.5V, Cold Worked, Stress RelievedSeamless tubing for hydraulic use, cold worked and stress relieved | Agrees in 2+ sources[3] |
| AMS 4945J | Titanium Alloy Tubing, Seamless, Hydraulic, 3Al - 2.5V, Controlled Contractile Strain Ratio, Cold Worked, Stress RelievedSeamless tubing for hydraulic use, cold worked and stress relieved, with texture (contractile strain ratio) controlled. The former title states a yield strength of 105,000 psi (724 MPa) | Agrees in 2+ sources[16] |
All ASTM standards on Kezuriba: ASTM standards quick reference.
✈Main aerospace uses (as stated in the sources)
⚗Chemical composition (mass %)
As specified in ASTM Grade 9
| Element | Range | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Al | 2.5 – 3.5 | Agrees in 2+ sources[2][6][7] |
| V | 2 – 3 | Agrees in 2+ sources[2][6][7] |
| Fe | ≤ 0.25 | Agrees in 2+ sources[2][6] |
| O | ≤ 0.15 | Agrees in 2+ sources[2][6] |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | Agrees in 2+ sources[2][6] |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | Agrees in 2+ sources[2][6] |
| H | ≤ 0.015 | One source / reference[2] |
| Others (each / total) | ≤ 0.1 / 0.4 | One source / reference[2] |
| Ti | Balance | Agrees in 2+ sources[2][7] |
⚖Density
4.48 g/cm³
One source / reference[2]
TIMET's 3-2.5 datasheet gives 0.162 lb/in³ (4.48). TIMET's own alloy list gives 4.51 in the 3-2.5 row, which disagrees (the same value as pure titanium, possibly a transcription error). No second independent primary source was found
Calculate weight in Ti-3Al-2.5V →💪Mechanical properties
“Reference” values are not specified minimums from the standard but figures published by makers and others.
| Condition | Tensile MPa | Yield MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Type of value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealed (ASTM Grade 9) | ≥ 620 | ≥ 483 | ≥ 15 | — | Minimum value (TIMET minimum value table [no standard named], Nippon Steel's ASTM Gr.9 row) Agrees in 2+ sources[2][6] |
| Annealed (JIS Class 61) | ≥ 620 | ≥ 485 | ≥ 15 | — | Specified value (JIS; Japan Titanium Society, Nippon Steel) Agrees in 2+ sources[8][6] |
| Cold worked and stress relieved (CWSR) | ≥ 862 | ≥ 724 | ≥ 10 | — | Minimum value (TIMET minimum value table; no standard named) One source / reference[2] |
| Aged | ≥ 828 | ≥ 690 | ≥ 8 | — | Minimum value (TIMET minimum value table; no standard named) One source / reference[2] |
| Annealed (TIMETAL 3-2.5) | 650 | 550 | 15 | — | Typical value (TIMET alloy list) One source / reference[9] |
| Hardness | — | — | — | — | Not found in primary sources Not confirmed |
1 MPa ≈ 145 psi (0.145 ksi). Hardness conversion · unit converter
🔧Machinability notes (as stated in the sources)
- No primary source on machinability naming Ti-3Al-2.5V specifically was found. What follows is a description of titanium in general
- Because thermal conductivity is poor and strength is retained at high temperature, heat and cutting force concentrate at the cutting edge. Chips are thin and prone to adhesion. If the speed is too high, the chip and tool material react chemically and the edge suddenly chips (Sandvik Coromant's explanation of ISO S, titanium)[4]
- Machinability is close to SUS304, but seizure is likely when cutting heat rises. Use low cutting speed, somewhat coarse feed and plenty of cutting fluid for cooling, and replace tools early (Japan Titanium Society)[11]
- Easy to cold form and as easy to weld as pure titanium (TIMET; as a reference for workability)[2]
📚Sources
Primary sources (public documents from makers, industry associations and standards bodies), numbered where each value is cited. Many are in Japanese.
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0348_b0348m-25.html
- timet.com https://www.timet.com/documents/datasheets/alpha-and-beta-alloys/timetal-3-2.5.pdf
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4944n
- sandvik.coromant.com https://www.sandvik.coromant.com/en-us/knowledge/materials/workpiece-materials
- kyocera.co.jp https://www.kyocera.co.jp/prdct/tool/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/2024-2026_A.pdf#page=3
- nipponsteel.com https://www.nipponsteel.com/product/titan/feature/pdf/T001_16-23.pdf
- kobelco.co.jp https://www.kobelco.co.jp/products/advanced-materials/titan/pdf/spec.pdf
- titan-japan.com https://www.titan-japan.com/technology/titanium.html
- timet.com https://www.timet.com/assets/local/documents/technicalmanuals/TiAlloys.pdf
- kobelco.co.jp https://www.kobelco.co.jp/products/advanced-materials/titan/pdf/range_2.pdf
- titan-japan.com https://www.titan-japan.com/manufacturing/machining.html
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0265-25.html
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0338-17r26.html
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0381-26.html
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4943m
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4945j
Other materials
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