Printed from Kezuriba (kezuriba.net/en/materials/a2024/)
A2024
ISO N (non-ferrous)Aluminum alloy (heat-treatable Al-Cu-Mg, 2000 series, super duralumin). Standard: JIS H 4040 (rods, bars and wires; the 2006 edition errata sheet has a 2024 column) / JIS H 4000 (sheets, plates and strips).
🌐International equivalents
“Close” means composition or properties are not exactly the same. Before substituting, check the values in each standard.
| System | Designation | Number | Relation | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JIS | A2024 | JIS H 4040 (rods, bars and wires; the 2006 edition errata sheet has a 2024 column) / JIS H 4000 (sheets, plates and strips) | — | |
| AA | 2024 | UNS A92024 | identical (internationally registered alloy) | Agrees in 2+ sources[8][12][3] |
| EN | EN AW-2024ISO chemical symbol AlCu4Mg1 | EN AW-2024 | identical (internationally registered alloy) | One source / reference[13][14] |
| GB | — | — | Not confirmed |
Differences between the equivalents (from the sources)
- AA 2024: UNS A92024 is confirmed on the ASTM B211/B211M-23 overview page (the "A9 + four digits" convention is also explained on the ASTM B209M-14 overview page)
- EN EN AW-2024: Based on the ISO chemical symbol (AlCu4Mg1) in AA Teal Sheets and the Japan Aluminium Association's explanation that "alloys with the same four digits have the same composition in JIS and EN". No EN-side manufacturer document naming EN AW-2024 was used. There is a separate alloy 2024A (AlCu4Mg1(A); Si ≤0.15, Fe ≤0.20, Cu 3.7-4.5, etc.) that must not be confused with it
- GB : Explanations equating 2A12 with 2024 are common, but this could not be confirmed in primary sources. A distributor (Misumi meviy technical information) maps A2017 to GB 2A12, so the correspondence differs by source. GB/T 3190 is said to also list the four-digit international alloy number 2024, but this is not confirmed
📄Related specifications (AMS, ASTM etc.)
Specifications called up on purchase orders and drawings. AMS are SAE aerospace material specifications, split by product form (bar, plate, forging), melting practice and heat treatment. Standard texts are paid, so only titles and scopes checked on the publishers’ public pages are shown.
| Spec | Scope | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| AMS-QQ-A-250/4B | Aluminum Alloy 2024, Plate and Sheet2024 sheet and plate (general requirements in AMS-QQ-A-250). Stabilized 2015-02-05. Federal specification QQ-A-250/4 moved into AMS | Agrees in 2+ sources[17][18] |
| AMS-QQ-A-250/5C | ALUMINUM ALLOY ALCLAD 2024, PLATE AND SHEETAlclad 2024 sheet and plate (2024 core, clad on both sides with 1230 alloy). Revised 2021-05-28 | Agrees in 2+ sources[19][18] |
| AMS 4037R | Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024; -T3 Flat Sheet, -T351 Plate) Solution Heat TreatedSheet (T3) and plate (T351), thickness 0.20-101.60 mm. Revised 2020-08-20 | Agrees in 2+ sources[20][18] |
| AMS 4120T | Aluminum Alloy, Rolled or Cold-Finished Bars, Rods, and Wire, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024), Solution Heat Treated and Naturally Aged (T4), Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Naturally Aged (T351) - Material SpecificationRolled and cold-finished bar and rod (T4, T351), nominal thickness up to 203.2 mm. Revised 2025-12-04 | One source / reference[21] |
| AMS 4152P | Aluminum Alloy Extrusions, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-T3), Solution Heat Treated and Cold WorkedExtruded bar, rod, shapes and tube (T3), cross-sectional area up to 206 cm². Revised 2025-03-05 | One source / reference[22] |
| AMS-QQ-A-225/6B | ALUMINUM ALLOY, 2024, BAR, ROD, AND WIRE; ROLLED, DRAWN, OR COLD FINISHEDRolled, drawn and cold-finished bar and rod. Revised 2018-03-04 (derived from federal specification QQ-A-225/6) | One source / reference[23] |
| ASTM B211/B211M-23 | Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and WireRolled and cold-finished bar and rod. A92024 is in the alloy list on the overview page, with tempers including T3, T4, T351 and T851 | One source / reference[12] |
| ASTM B209/B209M-21a | Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and PlateGeneral specification for sheet and plate (Active). However, the public overview page does not show an alloy list, so it cannot be confirmed from public pages that 2024 is covered | One source / reference[24] |
All ASTM standards on Kezuriba: ASTM standards quick reference.
✈Main aerospace uses (as stated in the sources)
- Fuselage skin (sheet; a representative Novelis alloy for aircraft sheet)[18]
- Wing skin bottom panel (sheet)[18]
- Fuselage frame (plate)[25]
- Aircraft (in the Japan Aluminium Association alloy table, the applications listed for 2014, 2017 and 2024 are "aircraft, gears, hydraulic parts, hubs")[2]
- As an aircraft material, it is also used as clad sheet (Alclad), rolled with a layer of corrosion-resistant pure aluminum on the surface (from the description of 2017 and 2024)[16]
⚗Chemical composition (mass %)
As specified in Composition of AA internationally registered alloy (Japan Aluminium Association: alloys with the same four digits as a JIS alloy have identical chemical composition)
| Element | Range | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Si | ≤ 0.5 | One source / reference[8] |
| Fe | ≤ 0.5 | One source / reference[8] |
| Cu | 3.8 – 4.9 | One source / reference[8] |
| Mn | 0.3 – 0.9 | One source / reference[8] |
| Mg | 1.2 – 1.8 | One source / reference[8] |
| Cr | ≤ 0.1 | One source / reference[8] |
| Zn | ≤ 0.25 | One source / reference[8] |
| Ti | ≤ 0.15 | One source / reference[8] |
| Zr+Ti | ≤ 0.2 | One source / reference[8] |
| Others (each / total) | ≤ 0.05 / 0.15 | One source / reference[8] |
| Al | Balance | One source / reference[8] |
⚖Density
2.78 g/cm³
The AA Teal Sheets calculated value is 2.78, while the specific gravity in UACJ's extruded products catalog is 2.77, a discrepancy
Calculate weight in A2024 →💪Mechanical properties
“Reference” values are not specified minimums from the standard but figures published by makers and others.
| Condition | Tensile MPa | Yield MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Type of value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T3 (sheet) / T351 (plate) JIS specified value | — | — | — | — | JIS specified value (JIS H 4000) Not confirmed |
| O (bar) | — | — | ≥ 10 | — | JIS specified value (the elongation A column corrected from "-" to "10 min" in the JIS H 4040:2006 errata sheet. Tensile strength and yield strength are not in the errata sheet) One source / reference[1] |
| T4/T351 (bar) specified values of JIS, AMS 4120 and ASTM B211 | — | — | — | — | Specified value (the standard text is paid and the public page has no figures) Not confirmed |
| T3 (AA typical value, 1/16 in sheet) | 483 (70ksi) | 345 (50ksi) | 18 | HB 120 | Reference value (AA typical value, as published in thyssenkrupp Materials North America literature) One source / reference[9] |
| T4/T351 (AA typical value) | 469 (68ksi) | 324 (47ksi) | 20 (1/16 in sheet) / 19 (1/2 in diameter) | HB 120 | Reference value (AA typical value; same as above) One source / reference[9] |
| T361 (AA typical value. Formerly T36) | 496 (72ksi) | 393 (57ksi) | 13 (1/16 in sheet) | HB 130 | Reference value (AA typical value; same as above) One source / reference[9] |
| O (AA typical value) | 186 (27ksi) | 76 (11ksi) | 20 (1/16 in sheet) / 22 (1/2 in diameter) | HB 47 | Reference value (AA typical value; same as above) One source / reference[9] |
| Alclad T3 (AA typical value, 1/16 in sheet) | 448 (65ksi) | 310 (45ksi) | 18 | — | Reference value (AA typical value; same as above. Because it is clad sheet, strength is lower by the amount of the cladding) One source / reference[9] |
| Alclad T81/T851 (AA typical value, 1/16 in sheet) | 448 (65ksi) | 414 (60ksi) | 6 | — | Reference value (AA typical value; same as above) One source / reference[9] |
| T4 (extrusion, 1 mm thickness) | 470 | 325 | 19 | — | Reference value (UACJ typical value) One source / reference[10] |
1 MPa ≈ 145 psi (0.145 ksi). Hardness conversion · unit converter
🔧Machinability notes (as stated in the sources)
- AA comparative ratings (A-E): T3, T4, T351, T3510, T3511 = B; T6 = B; T81, T851, T861, T8510, T8511 = B; O = D[15]
- The Japan Aluminium Association describes 2017 and 2024 (duralumin and super duralumin) as "having strength comparable to steel and used for structural and forging materials, but poor in corrosion resistance because of high Cu, so adequate corrosion protection is needed in severe corrosive environments" (this is not a machinability rating as such)[16]
📚Sources
Primary sources (public documents from makers, industry associations and standards bodies), numbered where each value is cited. Many are in Japanese.
- webdesk.jsa.or.jp https://webdesk.jsa.or.jp/pdf/errata/jis_h_04040_000_000_2006_cor_1_200608_j_ch.pdf
- aluminum.or.jp https://www.aluminum.or.jp/wp-content/themes/dp-colors/img/AboutAluminum.pdf#page=35
- uacj.co.jp https://www.uacj.co.jp/products/sheeting/01shurui.html
- uacj.co.jp https://www.uacj.co.jp/products/extrusion/pdf/seihin_ext_04hanyou01.pdf#page=2
- sandvik.coromant.com https://www.sandvik.coromant.com/en-us/knowledge/materials/workpiece-materials
- kyocera.co.jp https://www.kyocera.co.jp/prdct/tool/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/2024-2026_A.pdf
- sumitool.com https://www.sumitool.com/downloads/cutting-tools/general-catalog/assets/pdf/a.pdf
- aluminum.org https://www.aluminum.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/TealSheet.pdf#page=11
- ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_legacy/UCPthyssenkruppBAMXNA/assets.files/tkmna_com/cbs/n…
- uacj.co.jp https://www.uacj.co.jp/products/extrusion/extrusion.html
- aluminum.org https://www.aluminum.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/TealSheet.pdf#page=28
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0211_b0211m-23.html
- aluminum.org https://www.aluminum.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/TealSheet.pdf#page=38
- aluminum.or.jp https://www.aluminum.or.jp/wp-content/themes/dp-colors/img/AboutAluminum.pdf#page=20
- ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_legacy/UCPthyssenkruppBAMXNA/assets.files/tkmna_com/cbs/n…
- aluminum.or.jp https://www.aluminum.or.jp/wp-content/themes/dp-colors/img/AboutAluminum.pdf#page=19
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/AMSQQA250/4B
- novelis.com https://novelis.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Novelis-Aerospace-Brochure-2025-March-EN-WE…
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/AMSQQA250/5
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/AMS4037R
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/AMS4120T
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/AMS4152P
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/AMSQQA225/6
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0209_b0209m-21a.html
- novelis.com https://novelis.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Novelis-Aerospace-Brochure-2025-March-EN-WE…
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