Printed from Kezuriba (kezuriba.net/en/materials/ti-6al-4v/)
Ti-6Al-4V
ISO S (heat-resistant alloys & titanium)Alpha-beta titanium alloy. Number: Grade 5 / UNS R56400 (ELI: Grade 23 / UNS R56407; for surgical implants, ASTM F136 / UNS R56401). Standard: ASTM B348/B348M (bars), B265 (sheet and plate), B381 (forgings), ASTM F136 (ELI, for surgical implants), AMS 4928 (bars, wire, forgings, annealed), AMS 4911 (sheet, strip, plate, annealed), AMS 4965 / 4967 (bars, forgings, heat treated), AMS 4930 / 4907 (ELI).
🌐JIS and international equivalents
“Close” means composition or properties are not exactly the same. Before substituting, check the values in each standard.
| System | Designation | Number | Relation | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM/UNS | Ti-6Al-4V | Grade 5 / UNS R56400 (ELI: Grade 23 / UNS R56407; for surgical implants, ASTM F136 / UNS R56401) | — | |
| JIS | Class 60bar designation TAB6400H; the sheet designation is not confirmed | JIS H 4600 (sheet and strip) / JIS H 4650 (bars) | equivalent | Agrees in 2+ sources[8][12][6][13] |
| JIS | Class 60EELI | JIS H 4600 and others | Equivalent (Grade 23) | Agrees in 2+ sources[8][6][12] |
| EN/DIN | 3.7165Engineering) / 3.7164 (Aerospace | DIN material number | equivalent | One source / reference[11] |
| GB | — | — | Not confirmed |
Differences between the equivalents (from the sources)
- JIS Class 60: Listed as the corresponding grade of ASTM Gr.5 by the Japan Titanium Society, Kobe Steel and Nippon Steel, with almost the same composition and mechanical properties (only yield strength differs: ASTM 828 / JIS 825). The designation TAB6400H was confirmed on Aichi Steel's round bar page (corresponding to JIS H4650 and ASTM B348), but no Japanese primary source explicitly stating Class 60 was found
- JIS Class 60E: Listed as the corresponding grade of ASTM Gr.23 (and by Nippon Steel also F136) by the Japan Titanium Society, Nippon Steel and Kobe Steel. However, the upper limit of Al disagrees: 6.75 for the Japan Welding Engineering Society and 6.5 for Nippon Steel
- EN/DIN 3.7165: Listed in TIMET's alloy list as a German standard of TIMETAL 6-4 (ASTM Gr.5). French T-A6V and British BS TA.10–13, 28 and 56 are in the same row
- GB : Many sources give TC4, but no primary source from a Chinese manufacturer or standards body could be reached (only Wikipedia, distributors and Xometry)
📄Related specifications (AMS, ASTM etc.)
Specifications called up on purchase orders and drawings. AMS are SAE aerospace material specifications, split by product form (bar, plate, forging), melting practice and heat treatment. Standard texts are paid, so only titles and scopes checked on the publishers’ public pages are shown.
| Spec | Scope | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| B348/B348M-25 | Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and BilletsBars and billets (annealed). Includes Grade 5 = UNS R56400 and Grade 23 = UNS R56407 | Agrees in 2+ sources[1] |
| B265-25 | Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and PlateStrip and sheet (annealed). Includes Grade 5 and Grade 23 | Agrees in 2+ sources[15] |
| B381-26 | Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy ForgingsForgings (annealed). Includes Grade F-5 = UNS R56400 and Grade F-23 = UNS R56407 | Agrees in 2+ sources[16] |
| F136-26 | Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56401)ELI material for surgical implants (UNS R56401). Strip, sheet, bars, forging bars and wire, annealed | Agrees in 2+ sources[17] |
| AMS 4928X | Titanium Alloy Bars, Wire, Forgings, Flash-Welded Rings, and Drawn Shapes, 6Al - 4V AnnealedBars, wire, forgings, flash-welded rings and drawn shapes, annealed | Agrees in 2+ sources[18][19] |
| AMS 4911T | Titanium Alloy, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 6Al - 4V, AnnealedSheet, strip and plate (thickness up to 4 in), annealed | Agrees in 2+ sources[20] |
| AMS 4965N | Titanium Alloy, Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Rings 6.0Al - 4.0V Solution Heat Treated and AgedBars, wire, forgings and rings, solution treated and aged | Agrees in 2+ sources[21] |
| AMS 4967N | Titanium Alloy, Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Rings 6.0Al - 4.0V Annealed, Heat TreatableBars, wire, forgings and rings, annealed (in a condition that can be heat treated later) | Agrees in 2+ sources[22] |
| AMS 4930M | Titanium Alloy Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Rings, 6Al - 4V, Extra Low Interstitial, AnnealedELI bars, wire, forgings and rings, annealed | Agrees in 2+ sources[23] |
| AMS 4907N | Titanium Alloy, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 6.0Al - 4.0V, Extra Low Interstitial, AnnealedELI sheet, strip and plate, annealed | Agrees in 2+ sources[24] |
| MIL-T-9047G | Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars (Rolled or Forged) and Reforging Stock, Aircraft QualityAircraft-quality bars and reforging stock (annealed, STA). The title is from the references column of the TIMET datasheet. Nippon Steel gives AMS 6930 and 6931 (AMS-T-9047) as successors | One source / reference[3][6] |
All ASTM standards on Kezuriba: ASTM standards quick reference.
✈Main aerospace uses (as stated in the sources)
- Jet engine compressor blades, disks and rings; airframe and space capsule parts; rocket engine cases; helicopter rotor hubs; fasteners; critical forgings requiring high specific strength (ATI)[2]
- Airframe structures, jet engine and rocket parts, fasteners (TIMET)[3]
- Alpha-beta alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V account for the majority of titanium alloys in use and are mainly used in aerospace (Sandvik Coromant)[4]
- ELI (Grade 23) is provided as a material for fracture-critical applications (TIMET)[3]
⚗Chemical composition (mass %)
Ranges differ between specifications, so each one has its own column (dark figures agree in several sources, light figures come from one source).
| Element | Spec ① | Spec ② | Spec ③ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Al | 5.50 – 6.75[3][6][7] | — | 5.5 – 6.5[3][6] |
| V | 3.5 – 4.5[3][6][7] | — | 3.5 – 4.5[3][6] |
| Fe | ≤ 0.4[3][6][7] | ≤ 0.3[6] | ≤ 0.25[3][6] |
| O | ≤ 0.2[3][6][7] | — | ≤ 0.13[3][6] |
| C | ≤ 0.08[3][6][7] | — | ≤ 0.08[3][6] |
| N | ≤ 0.05[3][6][7] | — | ≤ 0.03[3][6] |
| H | ≤ 0.015[3][7] | — | ≤ 0.0125[3] |
| Others (each / total) | ≤ 0.10 / 0.40[3] | — | — |
| Ti | Balance[3][7] | — | Balance[3] |
- Spec ① ASTM Grade 5
- Spec ② AMS 4928 (bars, forgings, annealed)
- Spec ③ ASTM Grade 23 (ELI)
⚖Density
4.43 g/cm³
Agrees in 2+ sources[10][7][3]
The Japan Titanium Society and ATI's product page give 4.43. TIMET and ATI both give 0.160 lb/in³ (= about 4.43), but the SI column varies by conversion: 4.42 for TIMET and 4.47 in ATI's 2012 datasheet. The tables of Nippon Steel and Aichi Steel cite the Japan Titanium Society and give 4.43
Calculate weight in Ti-6Al-4V →💪Mechanical properties
“Reference” values are not specified minimums from the standard but figures published by makers and others.
| Condition | Tensile MPa | Yield MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Type of value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealed (Grade 5, bars ≤3 in) | ≥ 895 | ≥ 828 | ≥ 10 | — | Specified value (ASTM B348; TIMET minimum value table; Nippon Steel also gives 895 / 828 / 10 as ASTM Gr.5) Agrees in 2+ sources[3][6] |
| Annealed (Grade 5, sheet and plate) | ≥ 895 | ≥ 828 | ≥ 10 | — | Specified value (ASTM B265; TIMET minimum value table, Plate on ATI's product page) Agrees in 2+ sources[3][7] |
| Annealed (JIS Class 60) | ≥ 895 | ≥ 825 | ≥ 10 | — | Specified value (JIS H 4600 and others; Japan Titanium Society, Japan Welding Engineering Society WES 7102 correction sheet, Nippon Steel) Agrees in 2+ sources[8][9][6] |
| Annealed (AMS 4928) | ≥ 895 | ≥ 827 | ≥ 10 | — | Example of specified values (Nippon Steel's "Room-temperature tensile properties (min.) examples") One source / reference[6] |
| Annealed (MIL-T-9047G, ≤4 in / over 4 to 6 in) | ≥ 896 | ≥ 827 | ≥ 10 | — | Specified value (part of MIL-T-9047G; TIMET minimum value table) One source / reference[3] |
| Solution treated and aged (STA) (MIL-T-9047G, ≤0.500 in) | ≥ 1137 | ≥ 1068 | ≥ 10 | — | Specified value (MIL-T-9047G; TIMET minimum value table; values decrease as the diameter increases, and at 2–3 in they are 965 / 896) One source / reference[3] |
| Hardness (annealed / solution treated and aged) | — | — | — | Annealed HRC 30–34, STA HRC 35–39 (ATI) / HV 320 (Japan Titanium Society) | Typical value (manufacturers and industry association) One source / reference[2][10] |
| Annealed (Grade 23, ELI, bars ≤3 in) | ≥ 828 | ≥ 759 | ≥ 10 | — | Specified value (ASTM B348; TIMET minimum value table) One source / reference[3] |
| Annealed (ELI, for surgical implants, ASTM F136, under 1.75 in) | ≥ 860 | ≥ 795 | ≥ 10 | — | Specified value (TIMET's table based on ASTM F136-96; 825 / 760 / 8 / 20 for 1.75–2.50 in, 825 / 760 / 8 / 15 for 2.50–4.00 in) One source / reference[3] |
| Annealed (JIS Class 60E) | ≥ 825 | ≥ 755 | ≥ 10 | — | Specified value (JIS; Japan Titanium Society, Japan Welding Engineering Society, Nippon Steel) Agrees in 2+ sources[8][9][6] |
| Annealed (TIMETAL 6-4: sheet / bars) | 1035 / 985 | 980 / 885 | 12 / 15 | — | Typical value (TIMET alloy list) One source / reference[11] |
1 MPa ≈ 145 psi (0.145 ksi). Hardness conversion · unit converter
🔧Machinability notes (as stated in the sources)
- Can be machined the same way as austenitic stainless steel: low speed, heavy feed, rigid tooling, and plenty of chlorine-free cutting oil (ATI)[2]
- Because thermal conductivity is poor and strength is retained at high temperature, heat and cutting force concentrate at the cutting edge. Chips are thin and prone to adhesion. If the speed is too high, the chip and tool material react chemically and the edge suddenly chips. Fine-grain uncoated carbide, positive and with a strong edge, is the usual tool choice (Sandvik Coromant's explanation of ISO S, titanium)[4]
- Seizure is likely when cutting heat rises. Use low cutting speed, cool well with cutting fluid, and replace tools early (the edge tends to chip suddenly after initial wear). Parts deform easily, so take care with dimensional control (Japan Titanium Society; a description of titanium in general)[14]
- If oxygen, nitrogen or carbon is picked up during forging, heat treatment, brazing and the like, or hydrogen through improper pickling, ductility decreases and notch sensitivity worsens (ATI's caution; noted as a precaution on the condition of material before machining)[2]
📚Sources
Primary sources (public documents from makers, industry associations and standards bodies), numbered where each value is cited. Many are in Japanese.
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0348_b0348m-25.html
- atimaterials.com https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_6-4_tds_en…
- timet.com https://www.timet.com/documents/datasheets/alpha-and-beta-alloys/timetal-6-4.pdf
- sandvik.coromant.com https://www.sandvik.coromant.com/en-us/knowledge/materials/workpiece-materials
- kyocera.co.jp https://www.kyocera.co.jp/prdct/tool/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/2024-2026_A.pdf#page=3
- nipponsteel.com https://www.nipponsteel.com/product/titan/feature/pdf/T001_16-23.pdf
- atimaterials.com https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/ati-6-4-grade5
- titan-japan.com https://www.titan-japan.com/technology/titanium.html
- webdesk.jsa.or.jp https://webdesk.jsa.or.jp/pdf/jwes/errata/WES_7102_000_000_j___2012_rec_1_202112.pdf
- titan-japan.com https://www.titan-japan.com/technology/physical_properties.html
- timet.com https://www.timet.com/assets/local/documents/technicalmanuals/TiAlloys.pdf
- kobelco.co.jp https://www.kobelco.co.jp/products/advanced-materials/titan/pdf/spec.pdf
- aichi-steel.co.jp https://www.aichi-steel.co.jp/ENGLISH/products/stainless_company/titanium/round/
- titan-japan.com https://www.titan-japan.com/manufacturing/machining.html
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0265-25.html
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0381-26.html
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/f0136-26.html
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4928x
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/standards/ams4928v-titanium-alloy-bars-wire-forgings-rings-draw…
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4911t
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4965n
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4967n
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4930m
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4907n
Other materials
Titanium