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52100
ISO P (steel)High-carbon chromium bearing steel (low alloy steel). Number: UNS G52986. Standard: AMS 6440 and AMS 6444 (SAE), ASTM A295/A295M (shown as corresponding by Carpenter).
🌐JIS and international equivalents
“Close” means composition or properties are not exactly the same. Before substituting, check the values in each standard.
| System | Designation | Number | Relation | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI/SAE | 52100 | UNS G52986 | — | |
| JIS | SUJ2 | JIS G 4805 | close | Agrees in 2+ sources[8][6][7][9] |
| EN | 100Cr6 | 1.3505 (EN ISO 683-17) | close | Agrees in 2+ sources[6][7][8] |
| GB | GCr15 | close | Agrees in 2+ sources[8][7] |
Differences between the equivalents (from the sources)
- JIS SUJ2: Agrees across Kyocera (SUJ2 ⇔ 52100 ⇔ 100Cr6 ⇔ GCr15), DEW (AISI 52100 and JIS SUJ2 in the 100Cr6 column) and Ovako (SAE 52100, SUJ2S and SUJ2Z in the similar designations of 100Cr6). The JIS composition (Sanyo Special Steel's "Red Book", published as JIS G 4805 (2008)) is C 0.95–1.10, Si 0.15–0.35, Mn≤0.50, P≤0.025, S≤0.025, Cr 1.30–1.60, Mo≤0.08. C is higher than the AMS C 0.93–1.05. Quenched at 840–900℃ and tempered at 150–180℃ for HRC 62 or more (same Red Book). A 2025 edition preview of JIS G 4805 exists at JSA, revised from the 2008 edition in the Red Book
- EN 100Cr6: DEW and Ovako list 100Cr6 ⇔ AISI/SAE 52100 on the same line. The composition in EN ISO 683-17 (agreeing between DEW and Ovako) is C 0.93–1.05, Si 0.15–0.35, Mn 0.25–0.45, P≤0.025, S≤0.015, Cr 1.35–1.60, Mo≤0.10
- GB GCr15: Agrees between Kyocera's cross-reference table (SUJ2 ⇔ GCr15 ⇔ 52100) and Ovako's similar designations (GCr15). The composition on the GB side is not confirmed in primary sources
📄Related specifications (AMS, ASTM etc.)
Specifications called up on purchase orders and drawings. AMS are SAE aerospace material specifications, split by product form (bar, plate, forging), melting practice and heat treatment. Standard texts are paid, so only titles and scopes checked on the publishers’ public pages are shown.
| Spec | Scope | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| AMS 6440 | Steel, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Forging Stock, 1.45Cr (0.93 - 1.05C) (SAE 52100), Aircraft Quality For Bearing ApplicationsBar, forgings, tube and stock for forging of low alloy steel. Aircraft quality, for bearings. Revision letter U confirmed on SAE Mobilus | Agrees in 2+ sources[2] |
| AMS 6444 | Steel, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing and Forging Stock, 1.45Cr (0.93 - 1.05C) (SAE 52100), Premium Aircraft-Quality, Consumable Electrode Vacuum RemeltedBar, forgings, tube and stock for forging. Premium aircraft quality, consumable electrode vacuum remelting. Revision letter R confirmed | Agrees in 2+ sources[5] |
| ASTM A295/A295M | Standard Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing SteelHigh-carbon bearing steel for rolling bearings. When annealing is specified, a fully spheroidized structure and hardness are required. The page for A295/A295M-14 (reapproved 2020, R20) was confirmed at store.astm.org | Agrees in 2+ sources[10] |
All ASTM standards on Kezuriba: ASTM standards quick reference.
✈Main aerospace uses (as stated in the sources)
- Bearings (AMS 6440 is specified for aircraft quality bearings, and AMS 6444 as premium aircraft quality vacuum remelted material)[2][5]
- For bearings below 149℃ (300°F), 52100, which has the lowest alloy content, is advantageous in fatigue life and is the most widely used bearing steel in the world. For aerospace high-temperature bearings above 149℃, M-50 is mainstream (NASA)[3]
- A deep-hardening steel for high-stress applications requiring rolling contact fatigue strength below 204℃ (400°F). Lists aerospace among its fields of application (Carpenter)[1]
⚗Chemical composition (mass %)
Ranges differ between specifications, so each one has its own column (dark figures agree in several sources, light figures come from one source).
- Spec ① C range written in the titles of AMS 6440U and AMS 6444R (SAE 52100)
- Spec ② The range for 52100 was not found in primary sources (AMS titles give a nominal 1.45, Carpenter a nominal 1.4)
- Spec ③ Carpenter 52100 composition table (shown as corresponding to AMS 6440, 6444 and ASTM A295)
⚖Density
7.8 g/cm³
Value for EN 100Cr6 (1.3505). DEW 7.8 kg/dm³ and Ovako 7800 kg/m³ agree. No primary source stating the density of 52100 itself was found, so this is treated as a reference value for a steel of similar composition
Calculate weight in 52100 →💪Mechanical properties
“Reference” values are not specified minimums from the standard but figures published by makers and others.
| Condition | Tensile MPa | Yield MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Type of value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spheroidize annealed (+AC) | — | — | — | HB 207 max (241 max after cold drawing) | Manufacturer's delivery condition (DEW Durapur 3505 = EN 100Cr6, with AISI 52100 shown on the same line). Not a specified value for 52100 itself. Ovako's 100Cr6 is 210HB annealed (typical value) One source / reference[6][7] |
| Quenched and tempered (condition used for bearings) | — | — | — | HRC 60 min (room temperature) | General requirement (NASA: 52100 and M-50 are normally heat treated to HRC 60 or more at room temperature, and HRC above 58 is required at service temperature). Ovako's 100Cr6 is HRC 61 (typical value) One source / reference[3][7] |
1 MPa ≈ 145 psi (0.145 ksi). Hardness conversion · unit converter
🔧Machinability notes (as stated in the sources)
- Among 100Cr6-type steels, Ovako 803D has higher S for improved machinability, and 803F is a grade with controlled S for stable workability (Ovako)[7]
- Machining is premised on material delivered in the spheroidize annealed condition (+AC, 207HB max). Welding is in principle not possible (DEW, 100Cr6)[6]
📚Sources
Primary sources (public documents from makers, industry associations and standards bodies), numbered where each value is cited. Many are in Japanese.
- carpentertechnology.com https://www.carpentertechnology.com/alloy-finder/52100
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams6440u/
- ntrs.nasa.gov https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20120008557/downloads/20120008557.pdf
- sandvik.coromant.com https://www.sandvik.coromant.com/en-us/knowledge/materials/workpiece-materials
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams6444r/
- swisssteel-group.com https://swisssteel-group.com/content-media/documents/Data-Sheets/Engineering-Steel/1.3505_…
- steelnavigator.ovako.com https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/100cr6/
- kyocera.co.jp https://www.kyocera.co.jp/prdct/tool/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/R_2016.pdf
- sanyo-steel.co.jp https://www.sanyo-steel.co.jp/product/special_steel/images/pdf/akahon_201906.pdf
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/a0295_a0295m-14r20.html
Other materials
Aerospace steel