Printed from Kezuriba (kezuriba.net/en/materials/aisi9310/)
9310
ISO P (steel)Nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel (low alloy steel for carburizing). Number: UNS G93106. Standard: For aircraft, AMS 6265 (VAR), AMS 6260 (air melted), etc. The SAE general composition table is not confirmed.
🌐JIS and international equivalents
“Close” means composition or properties are not exactly the same. Before substituting, check the values in each standard.
| System | Designation | Number | Relation | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI/SAE | 9310 | UNS G93106 | — | |
| JIS | — | — | Not confirmed | |
| EN | 14NiCr14BS EN36A | 1.5752 | close | One source / reference[2] |
| GB | — | — | Not confirmed |
Differences between the equivalents (from the sources)
- JIS : No primary source directly matching 9310 to a JIS steel was found. Mitsubishi Materials' cross-reference table lists JIS SNC815(H) and AISI 3415 and 3310 on the 14NiCr14 (1.5752) row, but not 9310. Kyocera also lists no AISI on the SNC815 and SNCM815 rows
- EN 14NiCr14: voestalpine High Performance Metals (Böhler and Uddeholm group) lists 1.5752 14NiCr14 and EN36A as the "Nearest standards" for 9310. The guide composition is C 0.13, Ni 3.50, Cr 0.80, no Mo, which differs from 9310 (Cr 1.00–1.40, Mo 0.08–0.15). Ovako matches 14NiCrMo13-4 (1.6657) to SAE 9315 and AMS 6263, not 9310
- GB : Not confirmed in primary sources
📄Related specifications (AMS, ASTM etc.)
Specifications called up on purchase orders and drawings. AMS are SAE aerospace material specifications, split by product form (bar, plate, forging), melting practice and heat treatment. Standard texts are paid, so only titles and scopes checked on the publishers’ public pages are shown.
| Spec | Scope | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| AMS 6265 | Steel, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing and Forging Stock, 1.2Cr - 3.25Ni - 0.12Mo (0.07 - 0.13C) (9310), Vacuum Consumable Electrode RemeltedBar, forgings, mechanical tubing and stock for forging. Premium aircraft quality by vacuum arc remelting (VAR) (what was seen on the page was AMS6265R) | Agrees in 2+ sources[12][13] |
| AMS 6260 | Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing 1.2Cr - 3.2Ni - 0.12Mo (0.07 - 0.13C) (9310)Bar, forgings and tube. Aircraft quality (air melted). What was seen on the page was AMS6260S | Agrees in 2+ sources[7] |
All ASTM standards on Kezuriba: ASTM standards quick reference.
✈Main aerospace uses (as stated in the sources)
- Aircraft engine gears and pinions (Latrobe / now Carpenter). Carpenter lists critical gears, shafts and fasteners for aircraft engines and gears for rotorcraft engines[9][14]
- Heavily loaded gears and power transmission parts for helicopters and aircraft (Liberty Speciality Steels)[8]
- In NASA's endurance tests of aircraft gears, carburized and hardened VIM-VAR/CVM 9310 spur gears are used as the baseline material (NASA TM-100960 is co-authored with Bell Helicopter)[11][10]
⚗Chemical composition (mass %)
Ranges differ between specifications, so each one has its own column (dark figures agree in several sources, light figures come from one source).
| Element | Spec ① | Spec ② |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.07 – 0.13[3][7][8] | — |
| Si | — | 0.15 – 0.35[8] |
| Mn | — | 0.4 – 0.7[8] |
| P | — | ≤ 0.015[8] |
| S | — | ≤ 0.015[8] |
| Cr | — | 1.0 – 1.4[8] |
| Ni | — | 3.0 – 3.5[8] |
| Mo | — | 0.08 – 0.15[8] |
| B | — | ≤ 0.001[8] |
| Cu | — | ≤ 0.35[8] |
- Spec ① AMS 6265 and AMS 6260 (agree between the carbon range in the standard titles and Liberty's AMS 6260/6265 table)
- Spec ② AMS 6260/6265 (Liberty Speciality Steels table)
⚖Density
—
Not confirmed
No primary source giving the density of 9310 was found (Latrobe's 9310 datasheet has no physical properties field; MIL-HDBK-5J does not include 9310). The 0.2836 lb/in³ from the distributor Service Steel Aerospace was not used
The density could not be confirmed. In the weight calculator, use “Steel, general value” or enter your own.
💪Mechanical properties
“Reference” values are not specified minimums from the standard but figures published by makers and others.
| Condition | Tensile MPa | Yield MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Type of value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanical properties of AMS 6260/6265 (heat treatment conditions are not given in the material) | ≥ 1150 (both L and T) | ≥ 900 (0.2% yield strength, both L and T) | ≥ 14 (L) / >=8 (T) | — | Specified value (Liberty Speciality Steels lists it as "limits of AMS 6260/6265"). The table layout is broken, so the L/T correspondence of elongation and reduction of area was read from the order. The 36 (HRC) in the hardness column is not included because it cannot be determined whether it is a minimum or a maximum One source / reference[8] |
| A: simulated carburizing 927℃×8h → oil quench → tempered 149℃×2h (core properties) | 1289 (187ksi) | 1117 (162ksi) | 15 | HBW 375 (core) | Typical value (manufacturer: Latrobe / now Carpenter VAR material datasheet). The table layout is broken, so the correspondence between A–C and the values was read from the order and the relative hardness One source / reference[9] |
| B: simulated carburizing 927℃×8h → slow cooled → oil quenched from 774℃ → tempered 149℃×2h (core properties) | 1069 (155ksi) | 896 (130ksi) | 15.5 | HBW 331 (core) | Typical value (manufacturer: Latrobe / now Carpenter) One source / reference[9] |
| C: simulated carburizing 927℃×8h → slow cooled → oil quenched from 829℃ → tempered 149℃×2h (core properties) | 1207 (175ksi) | 1069 (155ksi) | 16 | HBW 363 (core) | Typical value (manufacturer: Latrobe / now Carpenter) One source / reference[9] |
| Carburized and hardened (carburizing 899–927℃ → slow cooled → oil quenched from 774–846℃ → tempered 121–177℃) | — | — | — | Surface HRC 60-62 (guide) / core HBW 331-363 (guide) | Typical value (manufacturer: Latrobe / now Carpenter). For reference: in NASA's gear test (CVM 9310) the surface was HRC 60 and the core HRC 38 One source / reference[9][10] |
| Annealed (802–857℃ furnace cooled) | — | — | — | HBW 179-229 | Typical value (manufacturer: Latrobe / now Carpenter. Listed as the condition for machinability rating) One source / reference[9] |
1 MPa ≈ 145 psi (0.145 ksi). Hardness conversion · unit converter
🔧Machinability notes (as stated in the sources)
- Latrobe (now Carpenter): in the annealed condition (179–229HBW), machinability is 40% of B1112 steel[9]
- NASA TM-100960: for carburized and hardened aircraft gears, grinding the tooth surfaces for accuracy and surface finish has long been standard. Conventional vitrified wheels are prone to grinding burn, while CBN grinding puts less heat into the part. The surface fatigue life of CBN-ground 9310 gears was equal to or slightly better than conventional ones[11]
- Sandvik Coromant: low alloy steels that are not heat treated or are annealed are ISO P. Material above 45HRC, such as the surface after carburizing and hardening (around HRC 60), is ISO H[4]
📚Sources
Primary sources (public documents from makers, industry associations and standards bodies), numbered where each value is cited. Many are in Japanese.
- carpentertechnology.com https://carpentertechnology.com/alloy-finder/9310
- voestalpine.com https://www.voestalpine.com/highperformancemetals/australia/app/uploads/sites/265/2024/08/…
- sae.org https://www.sae.org/standards/content/ams6265n/
- sandvik.coromant.com https://www.sandvik.coromant.com/en-us/knowledge/materials/workpiece-materials
- kyocera.co.jp https://www.kyocera.co.jp/prdct/tool/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/2024-2026_A.pdf
- sumitool.com https://www.sumitool.com/downloads/cutting-tools/general-catalog/assets/pdf/a.pdf
- sae.org https://www.sae.org/standards/content/ams6260s/
- libertysteelgroup.com https://libertysteelgroup.com/uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/01/Aerospace-AMS-6260-626…
- carpentertechnology.com https://www.carpentertechnology.com/hubfs/7407324/Material%20Saftey%20Data%20Sheets/9310.p…
- ntrs.nasa.gov https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19910013255/downloads/19910013255.pdf
- ntrs.nasa.gov https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19880016532/downloads/19880016532.pdf
- sae.org https://www.sae.org/standards/content/ams6265r/
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams6265r
- carpentertechnology.com https://www.carpentertechnology.com/hubfs/Alloy%20Cards/9310_snapshot.pdf
Other materials
Aerospace steel