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C72900
ISO N (non-ferrous)Copper-nickel-tin alloy (Cu-15Ni-8Sn, spinodal hardening type). Number: UNS C72900. Standard: Composition is the CDA UNS registration (Standard Designation for Wrought Copper Alloys). Product standards include ASTM B929 (rod and bar), ASTM B740 (strip), AMS 4596 (rod and bar, TX02 / formerly TX00), AMS 4597 (rod and bar, TX TS) and AMS 4598 (tube, TX02 / formerly TX00).
🌐JIS and international equivalents
“Close” means composition or properties are not exactly the same. Before substituting, check the values in each standard.
| System | Designation | Number | Relation | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNS | C72900 | UNS C72900 | — | |
| JIS | — | — | Not confirmed | |
| EN | CuNi15Sn8 | CW355H (EN 12163) | equivalent | One source / reference[12][6] |
| GB | — | — | Not confirmed |
Differences between the equivalents (from the sources)
- JIS : The Japan Copper and Brass Association JIS composition table has no C72xx series. JIS H 3130 (plate and strip for springs) includes "copper-nickel-tin alloy", but whether Cu-15Ni-8Sn is included could not be confirmed because the JSA preview could not be reached
- EN CuNi15Sn8: Lebronze alloys describes Hardiall C72900 as "CW355H per EN 12163". Wieland Concast gives only the composition name CuNi15Sn8 and no CW number. Not confirmed in EN standard sources
- GB : No primary source
📄Related specifications (AMS, ASTM etc.)
Specifications called up on purchase orders and drawings. AMS are SAE aerospace material specifications, split by product form (bar, plate, forging), melting practice and heat treatment. Standard texts are paid, so only titles and scopes checked on the publishers’ public pages are shown.
| Spec | Scope | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM B929-23 | Standard Specification for Copper-Nickel-Tin Spinodal Alloy Rod and BarC72900 rod and bar (round and square). Tensile strength and Rockwell hardness requirements apply | Agrees in 2+ sources[2][4] |
| ASTM B740-21 | Standard Specification for Copper-Nickel-Tin Spinodal Alloy StripStrip (C72700, C72900 and C72650). Tempers TB00, TD01–TD12, TX00, TS01–TS12 and TM00–TM08 | Agrees in 2+ sources[3][4][7] |
| AMS 4596C | Copper Nickel Tin Alloy, Bars and Rods, 77Cu - 15Ni - 8Sn, Solution Annealed and Spinodal Hardened (TX02, formerly TX00)Rod and bar (up to 8.500 in = 216 mm thick), solution treated plus spinodal hardened. Revised 2025-10-20. The original issue and revision A also covered tube | Agrees in 2+ sources[17][18][11] |
| AMS 4597 | Copper-Nickel-Tin Alloy, Bars and Rods 77Cu - 15Ni - 8Sn Solution Annealed, Cold Finished and Spinodal Hardened (TX TS)Rod and bar, solution treated plus cold finished plus spinodal hardened (TX TS). Materion states it applies to TS160U rod and bar only | Agrees in 2+ sources[19][13][9] |
| AMS 4598B | Copper-Nickel-Tin Alloy, Mechanical Tube, 77Cu - 15Ni - 8Sn, Solution Annealed and Spinodal Hardened (TX02, formerly TX00)Tube for mechanical and structural use, solution treated plus spinodal hardened | Agrees in 2+ sources[20][11][10] |
| AMS 4595 | Copper Nickel Tin Alloy Plate 77Cu - 15Ni - 8Sn Solution Annealed and Spinodal Hardened (TX 00)Plate, solution treated plus spinodal hardened. The title is taken from the SAE URL and page name. Correspondence with C72900 could not be confirmed in manufacturer materials | One source / reference[21] |
All ASTM standards on Kezuriba: ASTM standards quick reference.
✈Main aerospace uses (as stated in the sources)
- Bushings and bearings for landing gear, engine pylons, airframe structure, actuators, and control surfaces and horizontal stabilizers (resistant to galling and wear). Included in the MMPDS Handbook, 16th edition (Materion)[22]
- ToughMet 3 is used on every model of the major commercial airliners currently in production (Materion)[16]
- Bushings and bearings for landing gear actuation, flight control systems and airframe attachment fittings. Contains no lead or beryllium and can replace beryllium copper CuBe2 (Lebronze alloys)[12]
- Fasteners, bearings, bushings, actuators and valves for aircraft. Suitable as a replacement for beryllium copper (Wieland Concast)[10][6]
⚗Chemical composition (mass %)
As specified in UNS C72900 (CDA registered values)
| Element | Range | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cu | Balance. Cu plus specified elements totals 99.7 min (CDA note 13). The Cu value includes Ag | Agrees in 2+ sources[1][4][6] |
| Ni (includes Co) | 14.5 – 15.5 | Agrees in 2+ sources[1][4][6][7] |
| Sn | 7.5 – 8.5 | Agrees in 2+ sources[1][4][6][7] |
| Zn | ≤ 0.5 | Agrees in 2+ sources[1][4][6] |
| Pb | 0.005 max for hot rolling (CDA note 15) | Agrees in 2+ sources[1][4][6] |
| Fe | ≤ 0.5 | Agrees in 2+ sources[1][4][6] |
| Mn | ≤ 0.3 | Agrees in 2+ sources[1][4][6] |
| Mg | ≤ 0.15 | Agrees in 2+ sources[1][4][6] |
| Nb | Wieland Concast writes Cb (columbium, the old name for Nb) | Agrees in 2+ sources[1][4][6] |
⚖Density
8.94 g/cm³
Agrees in 2+ sources[4][8][12][7][13]
0.323 lb/in³ = 8.94 g/cm³ (Fisk, Wieland Concast, Lebronze). AMETEK converts the same 0.323 lb/in³ to 8.95. Materion writes 0.325 lb/in³ = 9.00 g/cm³, a difference of 0.06
Calculate weight in C72900 →💪Mechanical properties
“Reference” values are not specified minimums from the standard but figures published by makers and others.
| Condition | Tensile MPa | Yield MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Type of value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TX00 (renamed TX02 in AMS 4596C), rod and bar under 108 mm in diameter (up to 4.249 in) | ≥ 910 (132 ksi) | ≥ 738 (107 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 9.5 (4D) | HRC 30 min | Specified value (AMS 4596; value shown on Wieland Concast's own page; AMS text not checked) One source / reference[8] |
| TX00 (TX02 in AMS 4596C), rod and bar 108–216 mm in diameter (4.250–8.500 in) | ≥ 876 (127 ksi) | ≥ 745 (108 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 3 (4D) | HRC 30 min | Specified value (AMS 4596; value on the Wieland Concast page; AMS text not checked) One source / reference[8] |
| TX TS (solution treated, cold finished, spinodal hardened), rod and bar up to 40 mm (1.60 in) in diameter | ≥ 1137 (165 ksi) | ≥ 1069 (155 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 6 (4D) | HRC 34 min | Specified value (AMS 4597; value on the Wieland Concast page; AMS text not checked) One source / reference[9] |
| TX TS rod and bar, 40–83 mm (1.60–3.25 in) in diameter | ≥ 1075 (156 ksi) | ≥ 1020 (148 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 3 (4D) | HRC 34 min | Specified value (AMS 4597; value on the Wieland Concast page; AMS text not checked) One source / reference[9] |
| TX00 (TX02 in AMS 4598B), tube, outside diameter 1.10–7.25 in (Materion: 1.1–8.75 in) | ≥ 903 (131 ksi) | ≥ 717 (104 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 8 (4D) | HRC 30 min | Specified value (AMS 4598; Wieland Concast page), which is the same as the "Typical Minimum" for Materion AT110 tube, a product conforming to AMS 4598 Agrees in 2+ sources[10][11] |
| TX00 (TX02 in AMS 4598B), tube, outside diameter 7.25–13.6 in (Materion: 8.76–13.6 in) | ≥ 896 (130 ksi) | ≥ 745 (108 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 5 (4D) | HRC 30 min | Specified value (AMS 4598; Wieland Concast page), which is the same as the "Typical Minimum" for Materion AT110 tube Agrees in 2+ sources[10][11] |
| Materion AT90 (manufacturer's own temper; hot worked plus spinodal hardened), rod and bar 25.4–101.5 mm in diameter | ≥ 760 (110 ksi) | ≥ 620 (90 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 15 (4D) | HRC 26 | Manufacturer value (Materion "Typical Minimum Mechanical Properties"; not a standard's specified value) One source / reference[11] |
| Materion AT110 rod and bar, 15.1–101.5 mm in diameter | ≥ 910 (132 ksi) | ≥ 760 (110 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 10 (4D) | HRC 30 | Manufacturer value (Materion "Typical Minimum"; the data sheet cites AMS 4596 (rod and bar)) One source / reference[11] |
| Materion AT110 / Lebronze TX 110 rod and bar, 101.6–228.6 mm in diameter (Lebronze gives no diameter) | ≥ 875 (127 ksi) | ≥ 760 (110 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 6 (4D) | HRC 30 (Lebronze: 277 HB / 30 HRC) | Manufacturer value (Materion "Typical Minimum", Lebronze "Minimum Guaranteed"; the two companies agree) Agrees in 2+ sources[11][12] |
| Materion TS95 (manufacturer's own temper; cold worked plus spinodal hardened), rod and bar 19–82 mm in diameter | ≥ 730 (106 ksi) | ≥ 655 (95 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 18 (4D) | HRB 93 | Manufacturer value (Materion "Typical Minimum") One source / reference[13] |
| Materion TS120U rod and bar, 19–82 mm in diameter | ≥ 825 (120 ksi) | ≥ 755 (110 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 15 (4D) | HRC 24 | Manufacturer value (Materion "Typical Minimum") One source / reference[13] |
| Materion TS130 rod and bar, 19–152.4 mm in diameter | ≥ 965 (140 ksi) | ≥ 895 (130 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 10 (4D) | HRC 24 | Manufacturer value (Materion "Typical Minimum") One source / reference[13] |
| Materion TS160U rod and bar, 10.1–41 mm in diameter (the data sheet states that AMS 4597 applies to TS160U rod and bar only) | ≥ 1140 (165 ksi) | ≥ 1035 (150 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 7 (10.1–19mm), >=5 (19.1–41mm) | HRC 36 (10.1–19mm), HRC 34 (19.1–41mm) | Manufacturer value (Materion "Typical Minimum") One source / reference[13] |
| Materion TS160U / Lebronze TS 160 U rod and bar, 41.1–82 mm in diameter (Lebronze gives no diameter) | ≥ 1105 (160 ksi) | ≥ 1035 (150 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | ≥ 3 (4D) | HRC 34 (Lebronze: 314 HB / 34 HRC) | Manufacturer value (Materion "Typical Minimum", Lebronze "Minimum Guaranteed"; the two companies agree) Agrees in 2+ sources[13][12] |
| TB00 (solution treated), strip and wire | 441–586 (64–85 ksi) | 172–310 (25–45 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | 32–60 (AMETEK), 32 min (Materion) | HV 100–150 (AMETEK) | Manufacturer value (AMETEK strip range, Materion ToughMet 3 A strip typical value, upper and lower tensile limits of Fisk wire; ASTM B740 temper designation) Agrees in 2+ sources[7][14][4] |
| TX00 (spinodal hardened after solution treatment; strip 370°C × 2 h), strip and wire | 827–1034 (120–150 ksi) | 619–896 (100–130 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | 6–20 | HV 275–350 | Manufacturer value (AMETEK strip range; the tensile range agrees with Fisk wire TX00) Agrees in 2+ sources[7][4] |
| TS04 (cold worked to hard temper, then spinodal hardened; strip 360°C × 2 h), strip and wire | 1138–1344 (165–195 ksi) | 1069–1275 (155–185 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | 2–6 | HV 335–410 | Manufacturer value (AMETEK strip range; the tensile range agrees with Fisk wire TS04) Agrees in 2+ sources[7][4] |
| TM04 (mill hardened), strip and wire | 792–930 (115–135 ksi) | 723–862 (105–125 ksi, 0.2% proof stress) | 10–24 | HV 245–345 | Manufacturer value (AMETEK strip range; the tensile range agrees with Fisk wire TM04) Agrees in 2+ sources[7][4] |
1 MPa ≈ 145 psi (0.145 ksi). Hardness conversion · unit converter
🔧Machinability notes (as stated in the sources)
- ToughMet 3 is a copper alloy that produces short chips and machines well with chip-breaker tooling. However, its thermal conductivity is not as high as ToughMet 2, so high-speed roughing is not recommended (Materion machining guide)[15]
- For turning, use a hard carbide grade, C5 (P40). A strongly positive rake angle is recommended. Water-soluble or other liquid coolant is recommended. A feed of about 0.1 mm/rev gives a surface finish better than Ra 2.5 µm. For milling, cutters with the same carbide inserts used for P20 tool steel are fine. Machine it in the as-received condition; chips can be sold together with other copper alloy scrap (Materion)[15]
- Recommended conditions (all ToughMet 3 tempers; speeds are for high-yield tempers such as AT110, and softer tempers may be run faster in inverse proportion to yield strength; feeds are the same): turning HSS 15 m/min, carbide C5 120–240 m/min, rough feed 0.13–0.3 mm/rev (depth of cut 2.5 mm). Milling HSS 30 m/min, carbide 90–150 m/min. Drilling cobalt HSS 15 m/min, carbide 45–150 m/min, feed 0.05–0.5 mm/rev. Tapping 3 m/min. Grinding wheel A54LV (Materion)[15]
- Materion's TS and AT data sheets say it is "easy to machine even for complex parts". Contains no lead or beryllium[13][11][16]
- Machinability index 65 (Lebronze alloys; baseline material not stated). Wieland Concast also writes "excellent machinability". On the other hand, wire maker Fisk's workability index gives machinability "1 - Poor", so ratings differ between sources[12][6][4]
📚Sources
Primary sources (public documents from makers, industry associations and standards bodies), numbered where each value is cited. Many are in Japanese.
- datasheets.copper.org https://datasheets.copper.org/wrought-copper-nickels.pdf
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0929-23.html
- store.astm.org https://store.astm.org/b0740-21.html
- fiskalloy.com https://fiskalloy.com/pdf/c72900/
- sandvik.coromant.com https://www.sandvik.coromant.com/en-us/knowledge/materials/workpiece-materials
- concast.com https://www.concast.com/files/C72900_aerospace_brochure.pdf
- ametekmetals.com https://www.ametekmetals.com/-/media/ametekmetals/files/pfinodal-c72900-strip-datasheet.pd…
- concast.com https://www.concast.com/ams_4596-c72900.php
- concast.com https://www.concast.com/ams_4597-c72900.php
- concast.com https://www.concast.com/ams_4598-c72900.php
- hkvxni.files.cmp.optimizely.com https://hkvxni.files.cmp.optimizely.com/download/e30309baa04211ee8403c2c7ff139415
- lebronze-alloys-na.com https://lebronze-alloys-na.com/performance-materials/hardiall
- hkvxni.files.cmp.optimizely.com https://hkvxni.files.cmp.optimizely.com/download/e3977334a04211ee9ca0aafee8b672a3
- hkvxni.files.cmp.optimizely.com https://hkvxni.files.cmp.optimizely.com/download/e2c6f722a04211ee8be76a1fb560733e
- hkvxni.files.cmp.optimizely.com https://hkvxni.files.cmp.optimizely.com/download/bf812d64a04211ee8fbf126db737ac74
- materion.com https://www.materion.com/en/products/performance-materials/high-performance-alloys/toughme…
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/standards/ams4596c-copper-nickel-tin-alloy-bars-rods-77cu-15ni-…
- sae.org https://www.sae.org/standards/content/ams4596/
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/standards/ams4597-copper-nickel-tin-alloy-bars-rods-77cu-15ni-8…
- sae.org https://www.sae.org/standards/content/ams4598b/
- saemobilus.sae.org https://saemobilus.sae.org/standards/ams4595-copper-nickel-tin-alloy-plate-77cu-15ni-8sn-s…
- materion.com https://www.materion.com/en/markets/aerospace--defense
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